Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): An Evidence-BasedApproach to Behavior
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an internationally recognized, short-term, family-centered behavioral intervention designed primarily for children aged 2 to 7 who exhibit significant externalizing (disruptive) behaviors [5]. PCIT is one of the most highly rated, evidence-based interventions for young children, backed by decades of rigorous research [6].
The Two Core Phases of PCIT
PCIT is a structured, criteria-based treatment, meaning families progress from one phase to the next only after the parent has mastered the specific skills in that phase. The therapy integrates Attachment Theory and Social Learning Theory.
| Phase | Goal & Focus | Key Parent Skills Taught (PRIDE) |
| Phase 1: Child Directed Interaction (CDI) | Relationship Enhancement: Strengthens the bond and increases the child’s feeling of security by teaching the parent to follow the child’s lead during play. | PRIDE Skills: Praise, Reflect, Imitate, Describe, Enjoyment/Enthusiasm. AVOID giving commands, asking questions, or criticizing. |
| Phase 2: Parent Directed Interaction (PDI) | Effective Discipline: Teaches the parent how to give clear, concise commands and implement predictable, consistent consequences to reduce noncompliance. | Command Skills: Using direct, positive, and specific commands. Discipline Skills: Using the TimeOut procedure (or similar predictable consequences) consistently for noncompliance. |
The Therapeutic Advantage
PCIT utilizes real-time, live parent coaching. During sessions, the therapist observes the parent and child (often through a one-way mirror or video feed) and guides the parent using an earpiece. This immediate feedback mechanism ensures rapid skill acquisition and high fidelity to the evidence-based protocol, which is critical for positive, long-term outcomes [5].
Empirically Supported Outcomes
PCIT is rated as a Level 1, “Well-Supported by Research Evidence” [6]. Research consistently confirms its effectiveness in:
- Decreasing Disruptive Behavior: Significant reduction in the frequency, severity, and duration of tantrums, defiance, and aggression.
- Improving Relationship Quality: Increased warmth, responsiveness, and secure attachment.
- Increasing Parent Competence: Reduced parenting stress and increased confidence [7].
References
- Eyberg, S. M., & Funderburk, B. W. (2011). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Protocol (2nd ed.). PCIT International. - California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC). ParentChild Interaction Therapy. Retrieved from [The CEBC website].
- McNeil, C. B., & Hembree-Kigin, T. L. (2010). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
(2nd ed.). Springer.
